![]() At first, the Catholic Church allowed the telling of the stories as stories. The old Celtic, Frankish and Germanic myths were translated from religion (implying belief and worship) into popular folklore (implying belief but not worship). This was a time when the supernatural was perceived as something to be avoided, but not unbelievable. The fantastique was virtually defined in the Middle Ages. Women wrote influential texts in the secular realm as well-reflections on courtly love and society by Marie de France and Christine de Pizan continue to be studied for their glimpses of medieval society. Much of what is known about women in the Middle Ages is known from the works of nuns such as Clare of Assisi, Bridget of Sweden, and Catherine of Siena.įrequently, however, the religious perspectives of women were held to be unorthodox by those in power, and the mystical visions of such authors as Julian of Norwich and Hildegard of Bingen provide insight into a part of the medieval experience less comfortable for the institutions that ruled Europe at the time. Religious writing was the easiest avenue-women who would later be canonized as saints frequently published their reflections, revelations, and prayers. While it is true that women in the medieval period were never accorded full equality with men (although some sects, such as the Cathars, afforded women greater status and rights), some women were able to use their skill with the written word to gain renown. Women's literature antifeminism in Medieval literature Other examples, part of the Renaissance reawakening of Roman literary traditions, were the satires Till Eulenspiegel and Reynard the Fox were published, and also in Sebastian Brant's Narrenschiff (1494), Erasmus' Moriae Encomium (1509) and Thomas More's Utopia (1516). The epos was mocked, and even the feudal society, but there was hardly a general interest in the genre.ĭuring Renaissance lived the two major satirists of the Medieval Europe, Giovanni Boccaccio and François Rabelais. ![]() Examples are Livre des Manières (~1170), and in some of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. ![]() The disrespectful manner was considered "Unchristian" and ignored but for the moral satire, which mocked misbehaviour in Christian terms. With the advent of the High Middle Ages and the birth of modern vernacular literature in the 12th century, it began to be used again, most notably by Chaucer. Satirical poetry is believed to have been popular, although little has survived. In the Early Middle Ages, examples of satire were the songs by goliards or vagants now best known as an anthology called Carmina Burana and made famous as texts of a composition by the 20th century composer Carl Orff.
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